Wall construction and method of and apparatus for building same



April 17. 1928.

E. D. CODDINGTON WALL CONSTRUCTION AND METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR BUILDING SAME Filed March 28, 1925 5 a m M INVENTOR.

ATTORNEYS.

Patented Apr. 17, 1928.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

EDWIN ."D. CODDINGTON, OF NORTH MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN.

WALL CONSTRUCTION AND METHOD 0]! AND APPARATUS FOR BUILDING SAME.

Application filed March 28, 1925. Serial No. 19,012.

This invention relates to improvements in wall construction and also to an improved method of and apparatus for formmg or constructing the same. One object of the 1nvention is to provide a wallof poured concrete, brick, stone or the like around the framework of an otherwise wooden buildmg while utilizin in the construction thereof a building fabric of flexible nature applied directly over the outer ed es of the wall studs in lieu of the ordinary rame or other r1g1d siding material now commonly employed.

Another ob'ect of the invention is to provide a wall 0 the character described which shall be extremely strong and durable and one which may be quickly and economically constructed.

Other objects relate more particularly to the provision of an improved method of and apparatus for building such a wall.

Other objects and'advanta es will be apparent to those skilled in t e art from a reading of the following specification taken in connection with the accompanying drawings wherein two embodiments of the invention are illustrated.

In the 'drawin Figure 1 is a ront elevation of a wall under construction;

Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken on line 2-2 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken on lme 33 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is a perspective view of one of the molds;

Figs. 5 and 6 are detail views of mold accessories, and

Fig. 7 is a cross sectional view showing a slightly different application of the invention;

Fig. 8 is a detail end view of the building fabric.

Referring more in detail to the draw1ngs 10 desi ates the wall studs of an ordinary frame uilding. According to the present invention a building fabric of flexible nature is applied directly to the outer edges of the studs 10 in lieu of the frame or other rigid siding material usually employed for such purpose in cases where a bncl: or lastic exterlor wall is to be constructe I prefer to use a building fabric such as shown and described in my prior copending applications Serial Numbers 537,717 new Patent #1,540,057, issued June 2, 1925, and 655,917, filed Feb. 20, 1922 and Aug. 6, 1923, respectively. Briefly this fabric comprises a sheet of heavy tar paper or the like 11 having woven therethrough lengths of wire 12. Transverse bars or reinforcing elements 13 are placed against the paper atsuitable intervals between the latter and sections of the wires as shown. In practice the wires are suita le intervals so as to better hold the entire assembl against derangement and to further rein orce the same. In applying this fabric to the studding of the building the same may be nailed directly thereto, the nails or other fasteningdevices being preferably driven through the transverse bars or reinforcing elements 13 of the fabric for this purpose.

It is contemplated accordin to the resent invention as above pointed out to orm an outer wall of poured concrete or the like directly against a sheet of this building fabric applie as above described directly to the outer edges of the wall studs. With this in view a series of molds 14 hereinafter described more in detail are arranged adjacent the building fabric at the bottom of the wall of the building or at the point where it is desired to begin the pourin of the concrete. These molds are spaced rom the sheeting the desired distance to form a wall of given thickness. One of these molds is shown in detail in Fig. 4. and comprises a reinforcing frame work 14 and face plate or section 14 which when the mold is in position, faces the buildin fabric and serves as a form for a section 0 the concrete wall to be poured. Assuming the entire outer wall of a building is to be constructed of poured concrete in this manner a series of the molds 14 are laced end to end completely around the uilding just above the foundation thereof. The molds thus positioned and spaced as above described from the fabric sheeting provide one side of the channel into which the concrete is to be poured while the building fabric provides the other side thereof.

The molds are held in place during the pourin operation in the following manner: Suitab e links or tie members 15 flanged at one end as at 15 are secured in vertically spaced relation to each of the studs 10 of the building, these members being spaced apart just sufliciently to receive the molds between them as shown more clearly in Figs. 1 and 2. The outer free ends of these tie members are apertured as at 15" and when referably spot welded to the bars at asset-sec said members are secured in position these apertures 15 of the members secured to any one stud are in vertical alignment. The length of the members 15 or in other words the distance they extend from the studs will, of course, determine the thickness of the wall formed and this thickness may be varied in difl'erent cases by employing tie members of varying lengths. The first series of mold boards surrounding the building are positioned between the lowest'two series of tie members 15 and are held against outward displacement by means of special rods 16 which are inserted down through the openings 15 in the tie members next above the lowest tie members as shown more clearly in Figs. 1 and 2. The distance the rods 16 project downwardly through the openings of the tie members is limited by the upper enlarged socketed head 16 of each rod. When the concrete wall is poured from the foundation up the lower edge of the first set of molds may be anchored against outward displacement by inserting a set of rods 16 through the openings in the lowest set of tie members and then driving said rods into the ground or permitting them to hang free should there be no earth immediately beneath the molds. The lower endsof the upper set of rods may then be inserted in the sockets in the heads of the lower rod-s as shown. in Fig. 2.

The concrete pouring operation is now commenced and the concrete is poured in the space intervening between the molds and the fabric sheeting completely around the building. A second set of molds of the same size and construction is then positioned around the building on the top edges of the molds previously in place. The top edges in this second set of molds fit snugly under the next set of tie members 15 and another set of rods 16 are then dropped down through the openings in the outer ends of said members, the lower ends of this set of rods engaging in the sockets in the upper ends of the intermediate set of rods thus anchoring the molds of this set against displacement at both their top and bottom edges. The second course of concrete is now poured in the space intervening between this second set of molds and the sheeting and directly on top of the course previously poured. By the time the second set of molds has been placed and anchored and the second course of concrete poured, the first course has sufliciently set to permit of the first set of molds being removed and placed on top of the set of molds last positioned and so one throughout the construction of the entire wall. In removing the lower set of molds the intermediate rods are removed from engagement with the sockets of the lower rods so as to ermit of the latter being removed after whic the lower molds may be pulled away from the concrete and reassembled on top of the other set as just described. The tie members 15 serve to space the molds apart suficiently to facilitate the removal of the lower set each time without interfering with or disturbing the upper set. It is also contemplated according to the present invention to construct in lieu of a poured concrete wall for instance, brick or stone walls of the type which are cast in the rough. lit has been found in actual practice that walls of this character can be constructed by unskilled labor with the aid of the teachings of the present invention. In constructing a wall of this kind it has been found inconvenient, however, to have the tie members or links 15 immediately across the top of the upper set of molds as they interfere with the workmen in placing the brick, stone, etc. In this class of work, therefore, the modification shown in Fig. 7 has been adopted which contemplates the use ofrods 17 substantially twice the length of the rods previously described, these rods 17 engaging at their upper ends through tie members 15 mounted above the top edge of the upper set of molds a distance equal to the height of a mold and extending downwardly over the outer face of the upper molds and engaging the sockets in the upper ends of the lower set of rods. Under this plan, certain of the tie members may be omitted so as to avoid obstructing the space between the molds and the sheeting thus permitting of the brick or stone being laid by hand or otherwise without interference. Then as the omitted tie members may become necessary in the moving of the molds during the construction of the wall they may be very quickly fastened in place or those previously fastened in place may be removed or bent up out of the way until needed, as may be desired.

It will be readily appreciated that in forming a wall of poured concrete considerable ressure is exerted inwardly against the building fabric during the process of construction. This particular building fabric constructed and secured in place as above described, however, has been found in practice to withstand this pressure completely in such manner that the sheeting may be relied upon to form the inner wall or form for the concrete throughout the pouring thereof. It needs no reinforcement or bolstering up of any kind. It has been found in practice that by nailing the transverse reinforcing bars of the sheeting directly to the Wall studs that the resistance to this pressure of the plastic concrete is very materially increased, the transverse bars when so secured becoming in efiect tension members and acting to very materially counteract any tendency of the fabric to bulge or give way.

After the concrete wall has been cured the tie members are, of course, im added lld llw

permanently therein but the outer protruding ends thereof may be readily broken off so that the outer surface of the wall is not marred in any way thereby. It will also be apparent and is important to note that a very distinct binding action results between the plastic material of the wall, whether the latter be of poured concrete, brick, stone or other construction wholly or partly of plastic material, and the wires and reinforcing bars of the building fabric. This results in a permanent bond or union between these elements, which reinforcesthe inner portion of the wall and serves to hold the same ver securely to the sheeting and the framewor of the building. Of course, if desired additional reinforcing elements may be placed inthe concrete between the inner and outer faces thereof at the time it is poured, but this is not believed to be necessary in ordinary cases.

It will be obvious that various other changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention and accordingly it is not desired to limit or restrict the same except where limitations appear in the appended claims.

The invention claimed is:

1. The method of formin a wall composed wholly or partly of -p astic material adjacent the wall studs of a frame building, which method consists in permanently securing a metal reinforced building fabric to the studs in such wise that the same may be utilized both as a form during construction of the wall and as insulation for the buildin and then constructing said wall immediate y against said fabric so that a permanent bond is formed between the plastic material of said wall and the reinforcing elements of said fabric. i

2. A wall structure comprising, in combination, the wall studs of a frame building, a sheeting of building fabric applied directly to said studs and having metal reinforcing elements associated therewith on the outer exposed face thereof and a wall composed wholly or partly of plastic material formed in direct contact with said sheeting and between the latter and an outer temporary form, the plastic material of said wall forming a permanent bond with the reinforcing elements of said sheeting.

3. A wall structure, comprising in combination, the wall studs of a frame building fibrous material applied directly to sald studding and having metal reinforcing ele ments associated therewith and exposed on the outer face thereof, certain of said reinforcing elements being anchored to said studs, and a concrete wall'poured in direct contact with the outer face of said fibrous material, the latter acting to hold said concrete while in the plastic state, and said concrete when set forming a permanent bond with said reinforcing elements whereby the latter also act as a reinforcement for both the concrete and frame portions of the completed wall.

4. In molding apparatus of the class described the combination with the wall studs of a building, of tie members anchored thereto at spaced apart intervals and rovided with a ertures adjacent their outer ree ends mold orms of a width to fit between said members, and retaining means engageable through said apertures to hold said forms against outward displacement said retaining means comprising telescoping rods having enlarged portions at their u per ends to limit the extent of their insertion through said apertures.

5. In molding apparatus of the class described the combination with the wall studs of a building, of tie members anchored thereto at spaced apart intervals and provided with apertures adjacent their outer free ends, mold forms of a width to fit between said members and removable retaining means engageable through said a ertures to hold said forms a ainst outwar displacement, said tie mem ers being so constructed as to support one set of said forms so that the set immediately therebeneath may be removed and reassembled above said first named set.

6. A wall structure comprising, in combination, the wall studs of a frame building, a sheeting of building fabric applied directly to said studs and having metal reinforcing elements associated therewith on the outer exposed face thereof, certain of said reinforcing elements being anchored to said studs, and a concrete wall poured in contact with said sheeting and forming a permanent bond with the reinforcing elements thereof.

7. In molding apparatus of the class described, the combination with a plurality of uprights of tie members anchored thereto at spaced apart intervals and provided with apertures adjacent their outer free ends mold forms of a width to fit between sai members, and retaining means enga cable through said a ertures to hold said orms against outwar displacement.

8. The combination with the outside wall studding of a frame building, of metal reinforced fibrous material permanently attached to said studding and serving as a retaining wall for concrete poured thereagainst and also as a bond between and reinforcement for both the frame work and the concrete when the latter has set.

In witness whereof I hereto aflix my sig-.

nature.

EDWIN D. CODDINGTON.- 

